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Precision Software Appli…tions Silver Collection 1
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Precision Software Applications Silver Collection Volume One (PSM) (1993).iso
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ARCUS.DOC
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1990-10-30
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INTRODUCTION
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Arcus is a general statistical analysis package which has been
developed with the needs of medicine, biomedical and social
sciences in mind. It has also proved popular with education and
the many branches of commerce which need to investigate patterns
in human populations. The Arcus project was started because the
aims listed below were not met by any other program for the PC,
this remains true.
1. A collection of the most commonly used statistical
procedures using sound modern methodology to achieve
accuracy and to avoid the compromise of approximation where
possible.
2. A user friendly approach which is intuitive and requires
little reference printed literature.
3. A detailed coverage of the statistical procedures which are
done badly or not at all by the well known commercial
packages.
4. A toolbox of basic statistical procedures such as
distribution functions which can be useful in research
but are seldom found in an easily accessible form in the
commercial packages. You can replace your tables with Arcus.
5. A project which does not depend upon financial success for
its future development. This project is to be supported
indefinitely.
INTERACTING WITH ARCUS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Arcus user interface consists of plain key icons which can
be selected by moving the highlighted centre using the cursor
keys and then pressing the enter key to select the highlighted
key icon. Alternatively the key represented by the icon may be
pressed. To avoid conflicts with non-standard hardware, Arcus
does not use graphics based windows or a mouse.
The menus are a branch system in which the escape key will move
you backward to the major titles.
Flashing messages inform you that the computer is occupied with
a task and you should wait accordingly. If a process seems to
be taking a long time please be patient, the programs are highly
unlikely to crash.
Results from Arcus are displayed one screen at a time and you
can obtain a printed copy of results by pressing the print screen
key. Firstly, make sure that your printer is properly set up.
The graphics provided within Arcus are for instant visual
analysis only. There many good presentation graphics packages
and spreadsheets available which can comma delimited ASCII files
exported from Arcus. If you still wish to print a graphics screen
then you may press [p] in order to dump a displayed graph to an
Epson FX or Hewlett Pakard Laserjet compatible printer.
The Pictorial Statistics - Frequency Distribution Histograms,
Box and Whisker plots, Scattergrams and Normal Plots - use the
standard ASCII character set so that you can print them using
any standard printer by pressing the print screen key.
Support for many different monitors has been built into Arcus
but I can not guarantee that every possible hardware
configuration will display all Arcus screens perfectly. If you
find any problems please report them by writing to the address
found under the registration section of this document. All
reports will be acted upon and replied to without delay.
Arcus can use any data which is stored as columns of numbers in
ASCII files generated by databases, word processors or
spreadsheets. For further details please consult the help
section in the ASCII file importer. This may be found under the
`File and Data Manipulation Menu'. Data may also be imported
from Lotus compatible WKS or WK1 files and the consistency of
gaps as missing data in these files is maintined.
FILE ORIENTATED FUNCTIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Arcus can work with files of variables which contain information
as data points. For example the file called test (supplied) has
two variables, SMD(mcg/ml) and Absorbance, and each of these
contains six data points corresponding to matched results for a
standard curve from a colorimetric assay.
Worked Example:- A standard curve.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Go to `File Orientated Functions' from the main menu.
Go to `File & Data Manipulation' and select the spreadsheet.
Enter drug concentration and absorbance values in two columns.
Name the two columns / variables using [F3].
Exit the spreadsheet using [Esc].
Save your data on disk if you wish to.
Return to the `File orientated Functions Menu' then select
Regression and Correlation.
Select Linear Regression.
Enter the number corresponding to each of your defined variables
(drug conc. as independent (abscissa) and absorbance as dependent
(ordinate).
You can then interpolate x(drug concentration) values for any
number of y(absorbance) values which you enter, or vice versa.
OVERVIEW (not all functions listed)
Arithmetical.....Transformation of one variable
...New variable created as a function of two others
Basic Statistics.....Descriptive statistics on x variables
Pictorial Statistics.....Frequency Distribution Histogram
...Box and Whisker Plot
...Scattergram and Normal Plot
Parametric Methods.....Student's t two sample unpaired and paired
...Student's t single sample
...Z (normal distribution) tests
...F (variance ratio) test
...Shapiro-Wilk test of normality
Nonparametric Methods.....Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon rank sum)
...Wilcoxon signed rank
...Spearman's rank correlation
...Kendall's rank correlation
...Save ranks, sorted data and normal scores
Regression & Correlation.....Linear and Pearson's correlation
...Polynomial
...Multiple Linear
...Exponential, Geometric and Hyperbolic
Analysis of Variance.....One way with Scheffé, Newman-Keuls and t tests
...Kruskall-Wallace with multiple comparisons
...Two way randomised block design +/- replicates
INSTANT FUNCTIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These do not require data to have been prepared in columnar
format.
Distributions....Normal (+ inverse)
..Chi squared (+ inverse)
..Student's t (+ inverse)
..Snedecor's F (+ inverse)
..Studentized Range Q (+ inverse)
..Binomial
..Poisson
..Spearman's Rho
..Kendall's Tau (Hotelling Pabst)
..Mann-Whitney U
..Wilcoxon signed rank
Chi squared...2 by 2 with logit and Cornfield C.I.
..2 by k +/- trend
..r by c +/- trend
..McNemar's and exact alternative
..Mantel-Haensetzel
..Woolf
Exact...Fisher's
..Exact C.I. for 2 by 2 odds
Sign test with exact C.I.
Proportions...Single
..Unpaired
..Paired
Sample size...Population survey
..Unpaired case-control
..Paired case-control
Randomization
Clinical / Epidemiological..Bayesian..Basic
..False result probabilities
..SMR's
..Life tables
nb. Throughout Arcus confidence intervals are given wherever
possible
THE SPREADSHEET
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A spreadsheet is the most effective data editor for columns of
numbers thus one has been developed as part of the file
orientated functions. The size of the Arcus spreadsheet will
adjust to the data capacity which you have selected the default
is 30 by as may rows as can be accommodated by available free
memory.
Key assignment of the spreadsheet
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[F1]............help
[F2]............insert a cell
[Shift] + [F2]..delete a cell
[F3]............name the column being worked upon
[F4]............delete a variable
[Esc]...........return to file & data manipulation menu
[Home]..........move to row 1 column 1
[End]...........move to last number entered in current column
[Page Up].......move up a screen
[Page Down].....move down a screen
[space bar].....enter a missing data value
BENEFITS OF REGISTRATION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You may evaluate this shareware edition of Arcus Professional for
30 days. After this time you should register. Registration is
not expensive and you will gain many benefits:-
Upon registration you will be sent the latest edition of Arcus
Professional together with a user's manual. Then, as a
registered user you will receive information about any
developments in the Arcus project and future upgrades will be
offered to you at a reduced price. Existing users have already
had a major influence in steering the development of Arcus and
as a registered user your suggestions will be given priority.
Registration fee is 79 pounds sterling
A ten user departmental licence is 249 pounds sterling
Larger site licences and introductory talks can be arranged
25% OF ALL PROFITS ARE GIVEN TO CHARITY - currently Help The Aged
The following two pages contain an invoice and the author's
address.
Arcus is a sound investment, this product is to be supported
indefinitely.
INVOICE (page 1 of 2)
Remit to: From:
Iain E. Buchan
Medical Computing
Pine Crest
Turnpike Road
Aughton
West Lancs.
L39 3LD
England
Contact name and occupation:
Qty Unit Price Total
___ Arcus Professional (1 user) 79.00 _____
___ Upgrade to Arcus Professional (1 user) 19.00 _____
___ Departmental Licence (10 users) 249.00 _____
___ Departmental Upgrade (10 users) 89.00 _____
Total _____
(Prices are in pounds sterling)
INVOICE (page 2 of 2)
I require 5 1/4 inch ____ 3 1/2 inch ____ disks. (tick one)
I require the special version of Arcus professional which uses
the extra capabilities of 286, 386 and 486 processors to run
faster but I acknowledge that this (Arcus Pro-286) will not run
on anything less than a 286 DOS computer ____. (tick if
appropriate)
A shareware version of Arcus has been accepted by the customer.
Upon receipt of this paid invoice, a full latest version of
Arcus Professional on the specified disk type and a printed
manual will be sent.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Ordering from outside the UK: Please send all cheques and
remittances in pounds sterling, payable to Iain Buchan.
If you have any questions please ring (UK) 0695 424 034